St Mary's, Kemp Town - Building Repairs Gallery - St Mary's Church, Kemp Town, Brighton

Building Repairs Gallery

St Mary’s is a Grade-II* listed building and we have a happy obligation to repair and preserve it as part of England’s built heritage. We have planned four phases of repairs to the building, which has suffered badly from decades of erosion as well as inappropriate repairs in the mid-20th century.

Phase I Repairs: Upper Rock Gardens elevation, 2014-17
In March 2017 we completed the first phase of comprehensive repairs to the church's west-facing elevation overlooking Upper Rock Gardens. The work included repair of the roofs and rainwater goods, drainage, brickwork, masonry and windows, and replacement of the polycarbonate window shields with rust-proof grilles. We’re thrilled with the results. The church looks so much better and removal of the old plastic sheeting from the west-facing windows has hugely improved the light inside.

The work cost over £350,000, and was generously funded with a £216,000 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, and other sums from the National Churches Trust (£40,000), Garfield Weston Foundation (£10,000) and Sussex Historic Churches Trust (£6,500). Plus we added £30,000 ourselves along with £30,000 worth of voluntary labour. We are grateful to our architects, John and Robert of Thomas Ford & Partners, and to our contractors, Pierra, for their skill and dedication.

Phase II Repairs: St James's Street frontage, 2017-18
In June 2017, the Heritage Lottery Fund awarded us development funds for a new grant of £255,000 for the second phase of repairs. This is for our ‘West Front’, which is the elevation fronting St James’s Street and facing the sea, where our main entrances are.
We are incredibly grateful to the Heritage Lottery Fund for this additional support. The West Front is badly decayed by wind and
the sea air and it makes the church look abandoned and neglected.

We carried out high-level investigations to the frontage in September 2017, and have since been detailing the works and putting them out to tender. All being well, these repairs will happen in 2018. The repairs will cost quite a bit more than the £255,000 earmarked for us by the HLF, so we will be doing additional fundraising. How much we raise will determine how much of the badly eroded decorative features we can repair or have carved anew.

Ideally we would reinstate the inscriptions over each doorway, some of the carved capitals and canopy over the main door, and possibly the dogs/dragons over the baptistery window colonettes. We’d also like to reinstate some of the terracotta rosettes over the gables of the main door and baptistery windows. Once we’ve costed the repairs, we’ll set up a ‘Sponsor a rosette’ scheme. Please let us know if this is a project you’d like to support or be involved with.

Stone vs Cement - the effects of poor repairs in the past
Much of the decoration of the West Front was carved in a pink sandstone that was quarried in Corsehill, Dumfriesshire, in Scotland, and is fortunately still available. This is a soft stone, not ideally suited to such an exposed position near the sea, but it is very beautiful. We think that the architect, William Emerson, chose a combination of pink sandstone and red brick and terracotta because it mimicked the colours of the 16th and 17th-century Mughal buildings in India, where he did most of his work. Brighton Pavilion may echo the domes and minarets of the Mughals’ mosques, but St Mary’s is Brighton’s answer to the Red Forts of Delhi and Agra.

Both the sandstone and the terracotta elements have been badly repaired in the past, probably the 1930s or 40s, with a cement-based mortar. These cement-based repairs have worsened the situation. A cement facing or ‘skin’ doesn’t stop water and salt from getting into stone, but it does stop it from getting out again. The stone literally can’t breathe anymore. So the trapped moisture and salts build up behind the cement and rot the stone, turning it to powder. The cement remains intact, however, and so when the stone crumbles the cement can sheer off in a solid sheet. This process is not only unsightly but potentially dangerous to passers-by!

The same thing happens when you use a cement-based pointing on old bricks instead of a lime one. The water can’t escape through the pointing, so it erodes the brick instead. This means that the first step in repairing our West Front is actually to undo past repairs – and get rid of the cement.

What have we learned from our repairs?
St Mary’s Church was built in 1876-8 on the site of a private chapel that collapsed when it was being enlarged. We’ve been researching the history of the ‘new’ church and its construction for some time, but we’ve learned a lot recently through the repair work and also been able to take some good photographs of details from the scaffolding.

We were the first church in Brighton to have a concrete core to our walls. The stuff we’ve found has very big aggregate – smooth pebbles that were probably taken straight from Brighton beach. We also have what was, at the time, a brand new and revolutionary form of pre-cast coloured concrete, patented in 1875 by William Lascelles, lining our aisle vaults and window sills.

We have Asiatic lions! We knew about our African lions, carved in the style of Classical Rome, on the hammer beams of our nave roof.
But no-one, we believe, has ever noticed or photographed the Asiatic lions hiding at the top of the windows in the chancel. At least, we think they're Asiatic lions. They're a rather odd-looking beast.
They may be the architect’s nod to Asoka, the Buddhist Emperor of India in the 3rd century BC. He erected pillars inscribed with his laws across India - several of which were topped with carved lions. These pillars became very famous during William Emerson's years in India because linguists were finally able to decipher the script and language in which they were written.

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